Key publications

  • Fleming, S. M. (2024). Metacognition and confidence: A review and synthesis. Annual Review of Psychology, 75, 241-268 [pdf]

  • Dijkstra, N. & Fleming, S.M. (2023) Subjective signal strength distinguishes reality from imagination. Nature Communications, 14: 1627 [pdf] [code]

  • Fleming, S.M. (2020) Awareness as inference in a higher-order state space. Neuroscience of Consciousness, 1, niz020 [pdf] [code]

  • Bang, D. & Fleming, S.M. (2018) Distinct encoding of decision confidence in human medial prefrontal cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(23):6082-6087 [pdf] [code]

  • Rouault, M.*, Seow, T.*, Gillan, C.M. & Fleming, S.M. (2018) Psychiatric symptom dimensions are associated with dissociable shifts in metacognition but not task performance. Biological Psychiatry, S0006-3223(18)30029-5 [pdf] [code]

  • Fleming, S.M. & Daw, N.D. (2017) Self-evaluation of decision-making: A general Bayesian framework for metacognitive computation. Psychological Review, 124(1): 91-114 [pdf] [code]

  • Fleming, S.M., Ryu, J., Golfinos, J.G. & Blackmon, K.E. (2014) Domain-specific impairment in metacognitive accuracy following anterior prefrontal lesions. Brain, 137 (10): 2811-2822 [pdf]

  • Fleming, S.M., Lau H. (2014) How to measure metacognition. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8: 443 [pdf]

  • De Martino, B.*, Fleming, S.M.*, Garrett N. & Dolan, R.J. (2013) Confidence in value-based choice. Nature Neuroscience, 16: 105-110 [pdf]

  • Fleming, S.M.*, Weil, R.S.*, Nagy, Z., Dolan, R.J. & Rees, G. (2010) Relating introspective accuracy to individual differences in brain structure. Science, 329 (5998): 1541-43 [pdf] [supporting material] [commentary by Lau & Maniscalco] [corrigendum]

All publications

* indicates equal contribution 

Preprints

  • Haarsma, J., Kaltenmaier, A., Fleming, S. M., & Kok, P. (2024). Expectations about presence enhance the influence of content-specific expectations on low-level orientation judgements. bioArXiv

  • Katyal, S., Huys, Q., Dolan, R.J. & Fleming, S.M. (2023) How underconfidence is maintained in anxiety and depression. psyArXiv

  • Butlin, P., Long, R., Elmoznino, E., Bengio, Y., Birch, J., Constant, A., ... & VanRullen, R. (2023). Consciousness in artificial intelligence: Insights from the science of consciousness. arXiv

  • van der Plas, E., Mason, D., Livingston, L.A., Craigie, J., Happé, F., Fleming, S.M. (2021) Computations of confidence are modulated by mentalizing ability. psyArXiv

2024

  • Fleming, S. M. & Shea, N. (2024) Quality Space Computations for Consciousness. Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 1364-6613 [pdf]

  • Fischer, H. & Fleming, S.M. (2024) Why Metacognition Matters in Politically Contested Domains. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 1364-6613 [pdf]

  • Devine, S., Da Silva Castanheira, K., Fleming, S. M., & Otto, A. R. (2024). Distinguishing between intrinsic and instrumental sources of the value of choice. Cognition [pdf]

  • Barnett, B., & Fleming, S. M. (2024). Creating something out of nothing: Symbolic and non-symbolic representations of numerical zero in the human brain. Current Biology [pdf]

  • Dijkstra, N., Mazor, M., & Fleming, S. (2024). Confidence ratings do not distinguish imagination from reality. Journal of Vision [pdf]

  • Norbury, A., Hauser, T. U., Fleming, S. M., Dolan, R. J., & Huys, Q. J. (2024). Different components of cognitive-behavioral therapy affect specific cognitive mechanisms. Science Advances, 10(13), eadk3222. [pdf]

  • Colombatto, C. & Fleming, S.M. (2024). Folk psychological attributions of consciousness to large language models. Neuroscience of Consicousness [pdf]

  • Barnett, B., Andersen, L. M., Fleming, S. M., & Dijkstra, N. (2024). Identifying content-invariant neural signatures of perceptual vividness. PNAS Nexus, 3(2), pgae061. [pdf]

  • Fleming, S. M. (2024). Hacking the Predictive Mind. Brain 2024, 147 (4), 1589–1592. [pdf]

  • Devine, S., Da Silva Castanheira, K., Fleming, S. M., & Otto, A. R. (2024). Distinguishing between intrinsic and instrumental sources of the value of choice. Cognition, 245, 105742. [pdf]

  • Bayne, T., Seth, A. K., Massimini, M., Shepherd, J., Cleeremans, A., Fleming, S. M., Malach, R., Mattingley, J. B., Menon, D. K., Owen, A. M., Peters, M. A. K., Razi, A., Mudrik, L. (2024). Tests for Consciousness in Humans and Beyond. Trends in Cognitive Sciences S136466132400010X. [pdf]

  • Fleming, S. M. (2024). Metacognition and confidence: A review and synthesis. Annual Review of Psychology, 75, 241-268 [pdf]

  • Katyal, S., & Fleming, S. M. (2024). The future of metacognition research: Balancing construct breadth with measurement rigor. Cortex, 171, 223-234. [pdf]

2023

  • Fleming, S.M. (2023) Metacognitive psychophysics in humans, animals and AI: A research agenda for mapping introspective systems. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 30, 9-10. [pdf]

  • Sánchez-Fuenzalida, N., Van Gaal, S., Fleming, S. M., Haaf, J. M., & Fahrenfort, J. J. (2023). Predictions and rewards affect decision-making but not subjective experience. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 120(44), e2220749120 [pdf]

  • Mazor, M., Charles, L., Mor, R. M., & Fleming, S.M. (2023). Paradoxical evidence weighting in confidence judgments for detection and discrimination. Attention, Perception and Psychophysics 85, 2356-2385. [pdf]

  • Dijkstra, N. & Fleming, S.M. (2023) Subjective signal strength distinguishes reality from imagination. Nature Communications, 14: 1627 [pdf] [code]

  • Rouault, M., Pereira, I., Galioulline, H., Fleming, S.M., Stephan, K.E., & Manjaly, Z.M. (2023). Interoceptive and metacognitive facets of fatigue in multiple sclerosis. European Journal of Neuroscience, 58(2), 2603-2622. [pdf] [supporting material]

  • McWilliams, A., Bibby, H., Steinbeis, N., David, A.S. & Fleming, S.M. (2023) Age-related decreases in global metacognition are independent of local metacognition and task performance. Cognition, 285:105389 [pdf] [code]

  • Mazor, M., Gong, C. & Fleming, S.M. (2023) Re-evaluating frontopolar and temporoparietal contributions to detection and discrimination confidence. Royal Society Open Science, 10(4), 221091 [pdf] [data] [code]

  • Tsakiris, M., Vehar, N., Fleming, S.M., De Beakelaer, S., Rollwage M. (2023) Changing minds about climate change: A pervasive role for domain-general metacognition. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 10:46 [pdf] [code]

  • Schulz, L., Fleming, S.M. & Dayan, P. (2023) Metacognitive computations for information search: confidence in control. Psychological Review, in press [pdf]

2022

  • Bang, D., Moran, R., Daw, N.D. & Fleming, S.M. (2022). Neurocomputational mechanisms of confidence in self and others. Nature Communications 13:4238 [pdf] [code]

  • Rouault, M., Will, G.J., Fleming, S.M., & Dolan, R.J. (2022) Low self-esteem and the formation of global self-performance estimates in emerging adulthood. Translational Psychiatry, 12(1):272 [pdf] [code]

  • Lau, H., Michel, M., LeDoux, J.E. & Fleming, S.M. (2022) The mnemonic basis of subjective experience. Nature Reviews Psychology, 1:479-488 [pdf]

  • Rosenbaum, D., Glickman, M., Fleming, S.M. & Usher, M. (2022) The cognition/metacognition trade-off. Psychological Science, 33(4):613-628 [pdf]

  • Rahnev, D., Balsdon, T., Charles, L., De Gardelle, V., Denison, R., Desender, K., ... & Zylberberg, A. (2022). Consensus goals in the field of visual metacognition. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 17(6), 1746-1765 [pdf]

  • Sharot, T., Rollwage, M., Sunstein, C.R. & Fleming, S.M. (2022) Why and when beliefs change. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 18(1):142-151 [pdf]

  • Sokol-Hessner, P., Wing-Davey, M. Illingworth, S., Fleming, S.M., & Phelps, E.A. (2022) The actor’s insight: Actors have comparable interoception but better metacognition than non-actors. Emotion, 22(7):1544-1553 [pdf] [code]

  • Bhome, R.*, McWilliams, A.*, Price, G., Poole, N.A., Howard, R.J., Fleming, S.M., & Huntley, J.D. (2022) Metacognition in functional cognitive disorder. Brain Communications, 24(5):311-321 [pdf]

  • Dijkstra, N., Kok, P. & Fleming, S.M. (2022) Imagery adds stimulus-specific sensory evidence to perceptual detection. Journal of Vision, 22(2):11 [pdf]

  • Mazor, M*, Dijkstra, N.*, & Fleming, S.M. (2022). Dissociating the neural correlates of subjective visibility from those of decision confidence. Journal of Neuroscience, 42(12):2562-2569 [pdf] [code]

  • Mazor. M. & Fleming, S.M. (2022). Efficient search termination without task experience. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 151(10):2494-2510 [pdf] [code]

  • van der Plas, E., Zhang, S., Dong, K., Bang, D., Li, J., Wright, N. & Fleming, S.M. (2022) Identifying cultural differences in metacognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 151(12):3268-3280. [preprint] [code]

  • Dijkstra, N., Kok, P., & Fleming, S. (2022). Perceptual reality monitoring: Neural mechanisms dissociating imagination from reality. Neuroscience & Biobehavioural Reviews, 135: 104557 [pdf]

2021

  • Mazor, M., Moran, R., & Fleming, S. M. (2021). Metacognitive asymmetries in visual perception. Neuroscience of Consciousness, 1:niab025 [pdf] [code]

  • Atiya, N.A.A., Huys, Q., Dolan, R.J. & Fleming, S.M. (2021) Explaining distortions in metacognition with an attractor network model of decision uncertainty. PLoS Computational Biology, 17(7): e1009201 [pdf] [code]

  • Hu, X., Zheng, J., Su, N., Fan, T., Yang, C., Yin, Y., Fleming, S.M. & Luo, L. (2021). A Bayesian inference model for metamemory. Psychological Review, 128(5): 824-855 [pdf]

  • Seow, T. X., Rouault, M., Gillan, C. M., & Fleming, S. M. (2021). How local and global metacognition shape mental health. Biological Psychiatry, 90(7): 436-446 [pdf]

  • Dijkstra, N., Mazor, M., Kok, P. & Fleming, S.M. (2021) Mistaking imagination for reality: Congruent mental imagery leads to more liberal perceptual detection. Cognition, 212:104719 [pdf] [code]

  • Mazor, M. & Fleming, S.M. (2021) The Dunning-Kruger effect revisited. Nature Human Behaviour, 5(6), 677-678 [pdf]

  • Rollwage, M. & Fleming, S.M. (2021) Confirmation bias is adaptive when coupled with efficient metacognition. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 376: 20200131 [pdf]

  • da Silva Castanheira, K., Fleming, S. M., & Otto, A. R. Confidence in risky value-based choice. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 1-8. [pdf]

2020

  • Mazor, M., & Fleming, S. M. (2020). Distinguishing absence of awareness from awareness of absence. Philosophy and the Mind Sciences, 1(II). [pdf]

  • Schulz, L., Rollwage, M., Dolan, R. J., & Fleming, S. M. (2020). Dogmatism manifests in lowered information search under uncertainty. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(49), 31527-31534 [pdf] [code]

  • Fleming, S. M. (2020). Theories of consciousness are solutions in need of problems. Cognitive Neuroscience, 1-3 [pdf]

  • Bach, D., Melinscak, F., Fleming, S.M. & Voelkle M. (2020) Calibrating the experimental measurement of psychological attributes. Nature Human Behaviour, 4:1229–1235 [pdf]

  • McWilliams, A., Fleming, S.M, David, A. and Owen, G. (2020) The use Of neuroscience And psychological measurement In England’s Court Of Protection. Frontiers in Psychiatry [pdf]

  • Rouault, M., & Fleming, S. M. (2020). Formation of global self-beliefs in the human brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 117(44):27268–27276. [pdf] [code]

  • Ball et al. (2020). Functional cognitive disorder: dementia's blind spot. Brain, 143(10): 2895–2903. [pdf]

  • Bang, D., Kishida, K. T., Lohrenz, T., White, J. P., Laxton, A. W., Tatter, S. B., Fleming, S. M., & Montague, P. R. (2020). Sub-second Dopamine and Serotonin Signaling in Human Striatum during Perceptual Decision-Making. Neuron, S0896-6273(20)30715-7. [pdf] [code]

  • Bang, D., Ershadmanesh, S., Nilli, H. & Fleming, S.M. (2020) Private-public mappings in human prefrontal cortex. eLife, 9:e56477 [pdf] [code]

  • Heyes, C., Bang, D., Shea, N., Frith, C.D. & Fleming, S.M. (2020) Knowing ourselves together: The cultural origins of metacognition. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 24(5):349-362 [pdf]

  • Rollwage, M., Loosen, A., Hauser, T.U., Moran, R., Dolan, R.J. & Fleming, S.M. (2020) Confidence drives a neural confirmation bias. Nature Communications, 11:2634 [pdf] [code]

  • Mazor, M., Friston, K.J. & Fleming, S.M. (2020) Distinct neural contributions to metacognition for detecting (but not discriminating) visual stimuli. eLife, 9:e53900 [pdf] [code] [data]

  • Fleming, S.M. (2020) Awareness as inference in a higher-order state space. Neuroscience of Consciousness, 1, niz020 [pdf] [code]

  • Mazancieux, A., Fleming, S.M., Souchay, C. & Moulin, C. (2020) Is there a G factor for metacognition? Correlations in retrospective metacognitive sensitivity across tasks. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 149(9), 1788-1799 [pdf]

2019

  • van der Plas, E., David, A.S. & Fleming, S.M. (2019) Advice-taking as a bridge between decision neuroscience and mental capacity. Int J Law Psychiatry, 67:101504 [pdf]

  • Moses-Payne, M.E., Rollwage, M., Fleming, S.M., Roiser, J.P. (2019) Postdecision evidence integration and depressive symptoms. Frontiers in Psychiatry [pdf]

  • Bhome, R., McWilliams, A., Huntley J.D., Fleming, S.M., Howard, R.J. (2019) Metacognition in functional cognitive disorder - a potential mechanism and treatment target. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry [pdf]

  • Rollwage, M., Zmigrod, L., De Wit, L., Dolan, R.J. & Fleming, S.M. (2019) What underlies political polarization? A manifesto for computational political psychology. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 23:820-822 [pdf]

  • Hu, X., Luo, L. & Fleming, S.M. (2019) A role for metamemory in cognitive offloading. Cognition, 193:104012 [pdf]

  • Gilbert, S., Carpenter, J., Fleming, S. M., Tsai, P.C. & Bird, A. (2019) Optimal use of reminders: Metacognition, effort and cognitive offloading. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, in press [preprint]

  • Rahnev, D. & Fleming, S.M. (2019) How experimental procedures influence estimates of metacognitive ability. Neuroscience of Consciousness [pdf] [code]

  • Seow, T., & Fleming, S. M. (2019). Perceptual sensitivity is modulated by what others can see. Attention, Perception & Psychophysics, 81(6):1979-1990 [pdf]

  • Rouault, M., Dayan, P. & Fleming, S.M. (2019) Forming global estimates of self-performance from local confidence. Nature Communications, 10:1141 [pdf] [code]

  • Gajdos, T.*, Fleming, S.M.*, Garcia, M.S., Weindel, G. & Davranche, K. (2018) Revealing subthreshold motor contributions to perceptual confidence. Neuroscience of Consciousness 2019:1 [pdf] [code]

  • Beck, B., Pena-Vivas, V., Fleming, S.M. & Haggard, P. (2019) Metacognition across sensory modalities: vision, warmth and nociceptive pain. Cognition, 186:32-41 [pdf]

  • Michel, M… Fleming, S.M…. Lau, H. et al. (2019) Opportunities and challenges for a maturing science of consciousness. Nature Human Behaviour, 3:104-107 [pdf]

  • Carpenter, J., Sherman, M.T., Kievit, R.A., Seth, A.K., Lau, H. & Fleming, S.M. (2019) Domain-general enhancements of metacognitive ability through adaptive training. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 148(1), 51-64 [pdf] [code]

2018

  • Vaccaro, A. & Fleming, S.M. (2018) Thinking about thinking: A coordinate-based meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies of metacognitive judgments. Brain and Neuroscience Advances, 2, 2398212818810591 [pdf] [code]

  • Michel, M., Fleming, S.M., Lau, H., Lee, A.L., Martinez-Conde, S., Passingham, R.E., Peters, M.A.K., Rahnev, D., Sergent, C. & Liu, K. (2018) An informal internet survey on the current state of consciousness science. Frontiers in Psychology [pdf]

  • Rollwage, M., Dolan, R.J. & Fleming, S.M. (2018) Metacognitive failure as a feature of those holding radical beliefs. Current Biology, 28 (24), 4014-4021 [pdf] [code]

  • Rouault, M., McWilliams, A., Allen, M., Fleming, S.M. Human metacognition across domains: insights from individual differences and neuroimaging. Personality Neuroscience, 1 [preprint] [code]

  • Fleming, S.M. & Bang, D. (2018) Shouldering responsibility. Science, 361(6401):449-450 [pdf]

  • Bang, D. & Fleming, S.M. (2018) Distinct encoding of decision confidence in human medial prefrontal cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(23):6082-6087 [pdf] [code]

  • Fleming, S.M., van der Putten, E.J. & Daw, N.D. (2018) Neural mediators of changes of mind about perceptual decisions. Nature Neuroscience, 21: 617-624 [pdf] [code] [commentary]

  • Morales, J., Lau, H. & Fleming, S.M. (2018) Domain-general and domain-specific patterns of activity support metacognition in human prefrontal cortex. Journal of Neuroscience, 38(14):3534-3546 [pdf]

  • Rouault, M.*, Seow, T.*, Gillan, C.M. & Fleming, S.M. (2018) Psychiatric symptom dimensions are associated with dissociable shifts in metacognition but not task performance. Biological Psychiatry, S0006-3223(18)30029-5 [pdf] [code]

  • Weil, R., Schwarzkopf, D., Bahrami, B., Fleming, S.M., Jackson, B.M., Goch, T.J.C., Saygin, A.P., Miller, L.E., Pappa, K., Pavisic, I., Schade, R.N., Noyce, A.J., Crutch, S.J., O'Keefe, A.G., Schrag, A.E. & Morris, H.R. (2018) Assessing cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: An online tool to detect visuo-perceptual deficits. Movement Disorders, 33(4):544-553 [pdf]

  • Beyer, F., Sidarus, N., Fleming, S. & Haggard, P. (2018) Losing control in social situations: how the presence of others affects neural processes related to sense of agency. eNeuro, 5(1). pii: ENEURO.0336-17.2018 [pdf]

2017

  • Fleming, S.M. (2017) HMeta-d: Hierarchical Bayesian estimation of metacognitive efficiency from confidence ratings. Neuroscience of Consciousness, 2017:1 [pdf] [code]

  • Norton, E.H., Fleming, S.M., Daw, N.D. & Landy, M.S. (2017) Suboptimal criterion learning in static and dynamic environments. PLoS Computational Biology, 13(1): e1005304 [pdf]

  • Fleming, S.M. & Daw, N.D. (2017) Self-evaluation of decision-making: A general Bayesian framework for metacognitive computation. Psychological Review, 124(1): 91-114 [pdf] [code] [F1000Prime]

2016

  • Stephan, K.E., Manjaly, Z.M., Mathys, C.D., Weber, L.A.E., Paliwal, S., Gard, T., Tittgemeyer, M., Fleming, S.M., Haker, H., Seth, A.K. & Petzschner, F.H. (2016) Allostatic self-efficacy: A metacognitive theory of dyshomeostasis-induced fatigue and depression. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 10:550 [pdf] [F1000Prime]

  • Folke, T., Jacobsen, C., Fleming, S.M. & De Martino B. (2016) Explicit representation of confidence informs future value-based decisions. Nature Human Behaviour, 1:0002 [pdf] [code]

  • Fleming, S.M.*, Massoni, S.*, Gajdos, T. & Vergnaud, J-C. (2016) Metacognition about the past and future: Quantifying common and distinct influences on prospective and retrospective judgments of self-performance. Neuroscience of Consciousness, 2016:1 [pdf]

  • Fleming, S.M. (2016) Changing our minds about changes of mind. eLife, 5: e14790 [pdf]

  • Moeller S.J., Fleming, S.M., Gan, G., Zilverstand, A., Malaker, P., Uquillas, F.d., Schneider, K.E., Preston-Campbell, R., Parvaz, M., Maloney, T., Alia-Klein, N., Goldstein, R.Z. (2016) Metacognitive impairment in active cocaine abusers is associated with individual differences in brain structure. Eur Neuropsychopharm, 26(4): 653-662 [pdf]

  • Otto, R., Fleming, S. M. & Glimcher, P. W. (2016) Unexpected but incidental positive outcomes predict real-world gambling. Psychological Science, 27(3): 299-311 [pdf]

2015

  • Lempert, K.M., Chen, Y.L., Fleming, S.M. (2015) Relating pupil dilation and metacognitive confidence during auditory decision-making. PLoS ONE, e0126588. [pdf]

  • Fleming, S.M., Maniscalco, B., Ko, Y., Amendi, N., Ro, T. & Lau, H. (2015) Action-specific disruption of perceptual confidence. Psychological Science, 26: 89-98 [pdf] [supporting material] [code]

2014

  • Block, N., Carmel, D., Fleming, S.M., Kentridge, R.W., Koch, C., Lamme, V.A.F., Lau, H. & Rosenthal, D. (2014) Consciousness science: real progress and lingering misconceptions. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 18 (11): 556-557 [pdf]

  • Shiner, T.*, Symmonds, M.*, Guitart-Masip, M., Fleming, S.M., Friston, K.J. & Dolan, R.J. (2014) Dopamine, salience, and response set shifting in prefrontal cortex. Cerebral Cortex, bhu210 [pdf]

  • Fleming, S.M., Ryu, J., Golfinos, J.G. & Blackmon, K.E. (2014) Domain-specific impairment in metacognitive accuracy following anterior prefrontal lesions. Brain, 137 (10): 2811-2822 [pdf]

  • Palmer, E. C., David, A. S. & Fleming, S.M. (2014) Effects of age on metacognitive efficiency. Consciousness and Cognition, 28: 151-160 [pdf]

  • Fleming, S.M., Lau H. (2014) How to measure metacognition. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8: 443 [pdf]

2013

  • Fleming, S.M., Maloney, L.T. & Daw, N.D. (2013) The irrationality of categorical perception. Journal of Neuroscience, 33 (49): 19060-19070 [pdf]

  • Lambert, C., Chowdhury, R., Fitzgerald, T., Fleming, S.M., Lutti, A., Hutton, C., Draganski, B., Frackowiak, R., Ashburner, J. (2013) Characterising aging in the human brainstem using quantitative multimodal MRI analysis. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7: 462 [pdf]

  • Chambon, V.*, Wenke, D.*, Fleming, S.M., Prinz, W. & Haggard, P. (2013) An online neural substrate for sense of control. Cerebral Cortex, 23(5): 1031-7 [pdf] [supporting material]

  • Weil, L.G.*, Fleming, S.M.*, Dumontheil, I.*, Kilford, E.J., Weil, R.S., Rees, G., Dolan, R.J. & Blakemore, S.J. (2013) The development of metacognitive ability in adolescence. Consciousness & Cognition, 22: 264-271 [pdf]

  • de Martino, B.*, Fleming, S.M.*, Garrett N. & Dolan, R.J. (2013) Confidence in value-based choice. Nature Neuroscience, 16: 105-110 [pdf]

2012

  • Patel, D., Fleming, S.M. & Kilner, J.M. (2012) Inferring subjective states through the observation of actions. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 279 (1748): 4853-60 [pdf]

  • Sharot, T.*, Fleming, S.M.*, Koster R., Yu, X. & Dolan, R.J. (2012) Is choice-induced preference change long-lasting? Psychological Science, 23 (10): 1123-9 [pdf]

  • Wright, N., Hodgson, K., Fleming, S.M., Symmonds, M., Guitart-Masip, M. & Dolan, R.J. (2012) Human responses to unfairness with primary rewards and their biological limits. Scientific Reports 2:593. [pdf]

  • Wright, N., Edwards, T., Fleming, S.M., Dolan, R.J. (2012) Testosterone induces offline perceptual learning. Psychopharmacology, 224 (3): 451-7 [pdf]

  • Fleming, S.M., Dolan, R.J. & Frith, C.D. (2012) Metacognition: Computation, biology and function. Phil Trans R Soc B, 367(1594): 1280-6 [pdf] [review of Theme Issue]

  • Fleming, S.M. & Dolan, R.J. (2012) The neural basis of metacognitive ability. Phil Trans R Soc B, 367 (1594): 1338-49 [pdf]

  • Fleming, S.M., Huijgen, J. & Dolan, R.J. (2012) Prefrontal contributions to metacognition in perceptual decision-making. Journal of Neuroscience, 32 (18): 6117-25 [pdf]

2011

  • Song, C., Kanai, R., Fleming, S.M., Weil, R.S., Schwarzkopf, D.S. & Rees, G. (2011) Relating inter-individual differences in metacognitive performance on different perceptual tasks. Consciousness and Cognition, 20 (4): 1787-92 [pdf]

  • Nicolle, A., Fleming, S.M., Bach, D.R., Driver, J. & Dolan, R.J. (2011) A regret-induced status-quo bias. Journal of Neuroscience, 31 (9): 3320-27 [pdf]

  • Wright, N.D., Symmonds, M., Fleming, S.M. & Dolan, R.J. (2011) Neural segregation of objective and contextual aspects of fairness. Journal of Neuroscience, 31 (14): 5244-52 [pdf]

  • Evans, S., Fleming, S.M., Dolan, R.J. & Averbeck, B.B. (2011) Effects of emotional preferences on value-based decision-making are mediated by mentalizing not reward networks. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 23: 2197-210 [pdf]

2010

  • Fleming, S.M.*, Weil, R.S.*, Nagy, Z., Dolan, R.J. & Rees, G. (2010) Relating introspective accuracy to individual differences in brain structure. Science, 329 (5998): 1541-43 [pdf] [supporting material] [commentary by Lau & Maniscalco] [corrigendum]

  • Fleming, S.M., Thomas, C.L. & Dolan, R.J. (2010) Overcoming status quo bias in the human brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107: 6005-6009 [pdf] [supporting material]

  • Fleming, S.M., Whiteley, L., Hulme, O.J., Sahani, M. & Dolan, R.J. (2010) Effects of category-specific costs on neural systems for perceptual decision-making. Journal of Neurophysiology, 103 (6): 3238-47 [pdf] [supporting material] [corrigendum]

  • Fleming, S.M. & Dolan, R.J. (2010) Effects of loss aversion on post-decision wagering: implications for measures of awareness. Consciousness and Cognition, 19 (1): 352-363 [pdf] [supporting material]

  • Wenke, D., Fleming, S.M. & Haggard, P. (2010) Subliminal action priming influences sense of agency. Cognition, 115 (1): 26-38 [pdf]

2009

  • Fleming, S.M. (2009) Shaping what we see: Pinning down the influence of value on perceptual judgements. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 3: 9 [pdf]

  • Fleming, S.M., Mars, R.B., Gladwin, T.E. & Haggard, P. (2009) When the brain changes its mind: Flexibility of action selection in instructed and free choices. Cerebral Cortex, 19 (10): 2352-60 [pdf]

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